Inflammation of the urinary tract is a common problem not only in women;half of humanity also suffers from this disease, but less often due to physiological characteristics.The main symptoms of cystitis in men: increased frequency of urination and its pain, discomfort and pain in the suprapubic region, dirt in the urine.Therapy includes the use of antimicrobial drugs and various procedures.
What is cystitis
A bacterial infection leads to inflammation of the bladder.It occurs when pathogens enter the target organ through the urethra.The disease is classified as a lower urinary tract infection.The male urethra is longer than the female urethra, so cystitis is less common in the stronger half of humanity than in women.
reason
Following simple rules of personal hygiene will allow a young person to avoid cystitis with an almost 100% probability.At an older age, the risk of the disease increases.Cystitis is often caused by other diseases, such as urethral stricture, urolithiasis and chronic sexually transmitted infections.Weakened immunity is also a trigger and this is often caused by the use of cytostatics and hormonal drugs.
The cause of cystitis in women is an ascending infection from the urethra, vagina, anus, while in men it spreads from the urethra, epididymis, prostate gland, seminal vesicles.The presence of urological problems that lead to the narrowing of the urethra and stagnation of urine can cause the disease.Blockage of the urethra by any foreign body, stones, diverticula (protrusion of the organ wall), prostate adenoma can lead to cystitis.
Since it is difficult for the infection to penetrate a man's bladder, cystitis can occur against the background of other diseases, such as vesiculitis, orchitis, urethritis, prostatitis and epididymitis.Urogenital infection occurs when infected with ureaplasma, pale treponema (syphilis), gonococci, mycoplasma, staphylococci, streptococci, enterobacteria, enterococci, trichomonas, chlamydia, proteus, herpes virus, cytomegalovirus, epischelopirich and funskia.(candidiasis), Klebsiella, Listeria or coliform bacteria.
The infection may also be descending in nature if it is caused by renal tuberculosis or pyelonephritis.Favorable conditions for the development of cystitis can be the presence of bad habits, stress, poor nutrition and excessive physical activity.Sinusitis, flu, chronic tonsillitis, although they first affect the respiratory system, can spread through the bloodstream to other organs and introduce bacteria into the bladder.This leads to the fact that cystitis often appears as a complication of infectious diseases.
The infection can be introduced by doctors in the hospital during catheterization or cystoscopy.Other factors contributing to the disease include diabetes mellitus, hypothermia, stress, lack of sleep, abdominal surgery, prostate resection, transurethral surgery, and malignant tumors of the urethra and prostate.
The first signs of cystitis in men
If there is a suspicion of an inflammatory process, then treatment should not be delayed.Cystitis in men is diagnosed and antibiotics are prescribed.The first signs of the disease can be detected independently if:
- frequent urination
- pain in the lower abdomen;
- burning during urination;
- blood, mucus and pus in the urine;
- general weakness, temperature above normal (37°C).
Symptoms
Male cystitis is defined by pronounced symptoms.The development of the disease in an acute form is indicated by increased frequency of urination, difficulty and painful sensations in the lower abdomen and cloudy urine.If these phenomena occur, it is necessary to consult a urologist as soon as possible.A frequent urge to urinate is one of the main symptoms of cystitis, while a very small amount of fluid may come out during a trip to the toilet, and incontinence often occurs.
With cystitis, a man may have to make an effort to start urinating.There are also painful sensations, burning or stinging, which are especially strong at the beginning and in the final phase of urination.The pain varies in strength and intensity and may be accompanied by unpleasant sensations in the penis, perineum and pubic area.Symptoms of cystitis in men include high body temperature, headache, fatigue, weakness, increased sweating, chills and loss of appetite.
With the hemorrhagic, gangrenous form of cystitis, the urine becomes cloudy.There may be blood and mucus in it, and a sharp, unpleasant smell of decay appears.The volume of urine is reduced to 400 ml per day.Symptoms of cystitis in men are mild if the chronic form is observed.Almost no pain is felt, the frequency of urination increases slightly and only mucus is present in the urine.This form of the disease has periods of exacerbation and remission.
Chronic cystitis
This form is characterized by few symptoms and often has a steady or fluctuating course.So, the complications of chronic cystitis in men are as follows:
- leukocytosis continues (increase in the number of leukocytes in the urine);
- pyuria (the presence of pus in the urine);
- proteinuria (excretion of protein in the urine above the norm);
- macroscopic or microscopic hematuria (the presence of blood in the urine);
- the presence of mucus in the urine.
spicy
This form of cystitis has wide-ranging symptoms.The main manifestations that indicate the acute phase are as follows:
- frequent urination, including nocturia (predominance of nocturnal diuresis);
- imperative urges;
- stranguria (pain, difficulty urinating);
- cloudy urine;
- terminal hematuria;
- fever, chills, reduced ability to work;
- pain, stinging and burning during urination,
- pain in the suprapubic region, penis, groin, scrotum;
- decrease in urine volume (up to 10-20 ml);
- development of incontinence;
- leukocyturia, hematuria, pyuria.
- intoxication (hemorrhagic, gangrenous or phlegmonous form);
- cloudy color of urine, putrid smell of secretions, the presence of cutting impurities and mucus.
Treatment
To prevent inflammation of the bladder, prevention of cystitis in men is important.If, however, it was not possible to protect yourself and the first signs of the disease appear, then you should visit a specialist as soon as possible.Therapy is prescribed only after the urologist collects a complete history and performs examinations.Acute cystitis, accompanied by severe pain and persistent urinary retention, will require hospital treatment and a detailed study of the processes occurring in the body to determine the type of pathogenic microorganism.The following are recommended as general therapy:
- Bed rest during the acute period of the disease, use of antipyretics, consumption of large amounts of fluids (up to 2.5 liters per day), adherence to a diet in the absence of sour, spicy and salty foods in the diet.
- Antibiotics.After identifying the pathogen, antimicrobial agents are prescribed.The most common are fluoroquinolones, nitrofurans and cephalosporins.Medicines are taken for a week.
- Phytotherapy.Diuretic and anti-inflammatory herbal remedies are effective against cystitis.Herbal teas (bear, horsetail, blackberry leaves) will be useful for this disease.Such drugs have a supportive effect and help relieve inflammation.You should be aware of the possibility of an allergic reaction to herbs.Cranberry juice or fruit drinks will be helpful;tablets containing cranberry extract are effective.Such drugs reduce the concentration of the antibiotic, so they can be used after the end of the course of treatment.
- Antispasmodic drugs and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs will help relieve pain.
- Some sexually transmitted infections can lead to cystitis in men.The treatment regimen is prescribed by a specialist.
- Immunomodulators and probiotics.Such tools help the body to recover after a course of antibiotics.They are not directly involved in the treatment of the disease.Immunomodulators help the body fight pathogens, and probiotics restore intestinal microflora.
- The course of treatment depends on accompanying diseases, such as pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, adenomectomy, prostatitis.Therapy for these diseases is necessary to cure cystitis.
- Bladder lavage.In some cases, this procedure is recommended using antiseptics;the use of novocaine blockades is effective.
- Physiotherapy.At the end of the acute period of the disease, to accelerate the body's recovery and resorption, ultrasound, UHF, mud therapy, magnetic laser therapy and electrophoresis procedures are used.